Discernment

March 15, 2026March 17, 2026
by Sara Baron

“Discernment” based on Ephesians 5:8-14 and UMC Social Principles on Military Service (Part 2 of War and Military Service)

The heart of our scripture passage today as I hear it is “Try to find out what is pleasing to the Lord.” This is a pretty obvious part of faith – to try to figure out what is pleasing to God and do it. That’s living the life of faith.

And, of course, it is easier said that done. Sometimes we have easy clarity on what is right, what is wrong, what is pleasing to God and what would be displeasing to God. We know we shouldn’t kick people when they’re down, we shouldn’t ignore the pleas of the hungry, and we should take a few breathes before speaking in anger, take the time to savor the good parts of life.

But, truth be told, we don’t struggle with knowing what is pleasing to God when it is easy. Though sometimes we struggle to DO it. We struggle with knowing what is pleasing to God when it isn’t clear.

In my last church I served a church that was basically built for IBM engineers and their families. While there I was given advice about engineers from someone who had managed them professionally. The advice was: if an engineer comes to you to ask you to pick between two options, then just pick one. The premise, I’m told, is that if there was any significant differences between the two choices the engineer would have simply picked the better one. The only reason you’d be asked to decide as their supervisor, then, was if they were entirely equal and thus the engineer was stumped. In that case it doesn’t matter what you decide because they’re equal and what the person needs is a decision so they can move on – preferably done by someone they can blame later if it was wrong. So, I was told, if you trust the engineer, just pick one. That’s what they need.

Clearly, that was very particular to IBM engineers 😉

It is also relevant to the times when we struggle with figuring out what is pleasing to God. If one choice clearly worked better than others, then we’d just make that choice. Or, at least, we’d try to. Discernment is the spiritual activity we engage in when we are trying to do what is pleasing to God and the answer isn’t obvious in advance.

As I examined The United Methodist Church’s words on Military Service, I was struck by how deeply they’re reflective of a need for good discernment. It is abundantly clear that we need good people to serve in the military, including people of faith who do so with their convictions and conscience, and who will seek the well-being of all to the greatest extent of their abilities. It is also abundantly clear that some people of faith are called to refuse military service out of their faith. And the answer is particular to the person, and their faith, and their gifts, and their circumstances, and their callings, and is not the same for different people. Together, as a Body of Christ, and as a nation, and a world we are strongest when we have both people in the military who serve with integrity and people who choose not to serve as a means of expressing their faith.

For some people, knowing where to land on that question is easy, for others it could be the ultimate discernment. But, for all of us, there are times when we face questions of importance where we need to engage in discernment to find our way.

Now, I need to offer a little bit of my own nonconformist framing to this, simply because I am me and this was imperative to my development. For many years when I heard people talk about “finding out what is pleasing” to God, or discernment, or in the words I heard most often “doing God’s will” I thought of it was… well… obedience. My framing was that God – the creator of the universe – had expectations and plans for me and my job was to “discern” what God wanted and then obediently enact that. Which, I’ll be honest, got me to about 30 without significant issues.

And then it became really uncomfortable.

I didn’t like the implications about God and me that came with that framework. I wanted to be more than a cog in a wheel doing what some external being desired of me. And I wanted to fit the framework into the understanding I had of God as compassionate and kind and intimately involved in my life. The framework started to splinter because it didn’t really fit either the God I experienced nor my theology.

As I sat with my discomfort, and engaged in conversations about it, and wrote about it my prayer journal, and generally pondered about it I built a different understanding of what it means to “try to find out what is pleasing to” God.

While I do think of God as Creator, and that is huge in my personal belief system, when I pray I really think of it as becoming aware of the Holy Spirit who is everywhere – in me and around me and in and around everyone else – connecting us and loving us and just being the foundation of love in everything and everyone. Prayer is attending to and bringing my awareness to God who is with me, NOT to God is above me or beyond me.

And that means that discernment – for me – is not about figuring out the will of some OTHER being. Instead it is about listening to God-with-me, who I know through my own body and being, whose wisdom I access through my own. This, of course, has some dangers. The big one is that my own perception bias can impact how I hear God and lead me wrong. However, that’s always true! But, trusting myself as human who is able to to listen to the whisperings of God within is what discernment looks like for me. And it is hard, sometimes, to trust myself to do it. But it feels a lot more real and honest and even comfortable for me than my old framework did.

A few years ago our Church Council created a “Futuring Committee” to consider where our church is headed. We engaged in a process of group discernment. Our meetings were heavy in prayer, and we moved to silence when we got stuck. We did careful thinking and listening, but we also paid deep attention to what delighted us AS A MEANS of knowing what God might be nudging us towards. Eventually, in conversation with the church that went both ways, we landed on a plan to try to use our building as a resource to the community that will also help us build a more financially sustainable future. In specifics, we planned to make our space particularly available to dance and music groups, to increase the use of our space by outside groups (like All of Us in the Pine Room), and to renovate space we aren’t using for people to live – without having to do the development or oversight ourselves.

(Please note that as in any discernment, finding the way is one part and enacting it is a different part and we’re trying but not getting as far as we’d like with using our space for housing as of yet. But we’re still trying!)

I’m still happy with the work we did, primarily because we took a chance in trusting ourselves to be people who could “find out what is pleasing to” God. And, I think we did.

It seems important here to end on some practical notes about discernment. So, here we go.

First important thing to know: emotions are a TOOL of discernment, not a distraction from it. Does something excite you, bring you joy, energize you, delight you? THAT MATTERS!!!! Does something fill you with dread, bore you to tears, elicit disgust, make you recoil? That matters too! At least in my model of discernment, we have to take ourselves seriously as part of the data set we’re working with as we work with God.

Second important thing to know: when you get stuck, get curious. Why are you stuck? What values are in conflict? What is scaring you or holding you back? What would you need to feel more confident about your way forward? Does anyone else know what you’d need to know to figure this out?

Third important thing to know: discernment often involves a lot of time and silence, because sorting through our own emotions and wisdom and sorting what is real from what we’re afraid might be real, and sorting the past from the present, and generally just finding clarity is slow and takes attention and looks like nothing is happening for a really long time until it does.

Forth and final important thing to know about discernment: there are books written on this and practices that people have found really useful. For me, the ones that have helped the most are:

Prayer journaling. That is, writing it all down where the audience is God) which is helpful because I can sort it out as I write it down
Daily examen where you take time every day to notice the best and worst parts of your day, or the parts most and least connected to God, or the most loving and least loving parts and notice the patterns in them over time. (This can also be done with a journal where you write down both the best and the worst and review it on occasion).
Talking things over with those who are willing and able to hold the space for my own wisdom. I’ve most often practices this in Sacred Circles that come out of the Center for Courage and Renewal and Parker Palmer’s teachings, but really this is a Quaker practice with a long and beautiful history.

The real key here is to know that if you want to engage more deeply in intentional discernment, there are resources and you can find them or I can help you and you need not flail on your own!

We are people who are always trying to figure out what is pleasing to God. Thanks be to God for our trying, and our succeeding, and for the resources that can help us along the way. Amen

Rev. Sara E. Baron

First United Methodist Church of Schenectady

603 State St. Schenectady, NY 12305

Pronouns: she/her/hers

http://fumcschenectady.org/

https://www.facebook.com/FUMCSchenectady

March 15, 2026

Uncategorized

Untitled

March 5, 2023
by Sara Baron

“What is Good?“ based on Psalm 92:1-5, 12-15 and Matthew 7:15-20

Two weeks ago I preached a sermon entitled “There is No Single Way to Follow Jesus” where I talked about diverse understandings of God and Jesus, multitudes of prayer practices, and not writing people out of the Body of Christ because we disagree with them. It seemed pretty important to me, especially as we baptized a teenager who might have been told along the way that there is one right way to follow Jesus. Others told me that, and I was grateful my church gave me space to disagree.

Afterwards, one of the wise ones around here recommended that I preach a follow up sermon that continued to make space for the multitude of ways to follow Jesus, but helped us all see that is different from saying “everything goes.” I have taken that to be an invitation to talk about “discernment” which is the fancy word for “figuring out what God would have us do.” Or, as apple dictionary puts it (exceptionally well, wow!) “perception in the absence of judgment with a view to obtaining spiritual guidance and understanding.”1

So today we’re talking about discernment, following the warnings of Matthew 7 to beware of false prophets and pay attention to whether or not love is the outcome of teachings, decisions, and leadership. That means we are also talking about how we live our faith values, and how we making decisions while listening to God. But, as an entrance into this conversation I need to tell you about what I am now thinking about as “The Great Toilet Brush Dilemma of 2023.”

Several articles I’ve come across recently have stated that toilet brushes should be replaced every few months, which is faster than I had thought, and I decided perhaps it should be taken seriously (as it didn’t appear to be put out by the toilet brush industry.) However, the toilet brushes I have are made of plastic, and I try to minimize my use of plastic (with limited success), so I searched the internet for “eco toilet brush” and found there were a number of options. However, most of them seemed excessively expensive, which violated that old Wesleyan principle of “earn all you can, save all you can, give all you can” so I ignored those. One seemed reasonably priced and came with decent reviews, but a further look found that the brush didn’t work with chemicals (maybe OK), was hard to get dry (hmmm), and tended to mold (no!). So then I went back and looked at the suggested brushes from my preferred guide to such things and they offered two ideas, both made of plastic, but with REUSABLE brush heads. Which is better than non-reusable brush heads, right? But THEN I looked to make sure I could get the brush heads and I discovered one could, but then one had to decide between getting one brush at a time at nearly the price of the whole thing or getting 4 at a time for a much better rate, that even claimed to be “eco” and CLAIMED to be biodegradable but the number of asterisks around that led to that claim being less than believable, at which point I was needed to do something else and I made absolutely no decision. It is now nearly a week later and every time I think about finishing this decision I throw my hands up in the air and move on to something else while muttering to myself that this is a really trivial thing not worthy of so much of my attention.

Which is to say that in an attempt to balance some values I hold: care for creation (limit plastics!), financial responsibility (spend wisely!), and basic cleanliness (limit bathroom bacteria growth) – I got stumped. And I needed to tell you that so I could enter into this conversation about discernment with the appropriate levels of humility and no one would think I was offering expert opinions.

It really is true that not everything goes. There are better and worse decisions that can be made, sometimes even good versus evil. But those are the EASY choices. Choose good! The harder ones are where it is more difficult to see which is which, and while we are always going to struggle with those, God is here to help us, and to forgive us when we get it wrong. We’re talking about how to make those harder decisions today.

In this church we were given the gift of the phrase “optimize prime values” by a now departed member, Lee Tupper. Lee wrote, “there is a set of higher values (henceforth referred to as prime values in this discussion) that serve as the ultimate standard by which the relative ‘goodness’ of the consequences of human activities is to be judged. This relative ‘goodness’ is a measure of the degree to which the evolving human system tends towards a consistency with the relational type of God assumed. It is reasonably obvious that none of these concepts can be expected to be known or understood with real precision. It is also likely that we will not ever know whether the prime values are absolute and our knowledge of them is evolving, or the values themselves are evolving.”

However, other than suggesting “love” and “justice” as likely candidates, Lee didn’t tell us what the prime values ARE. As a church we’ve spent some time discussing it, and at the moment we lean towards naming that we think love, justice, compassion, inclusion and humility are prime values (although we have made no claim that this is a complete list).

So, if you are looking to figure out where God may be leading you in a decision, and you are needing some structure to use in thinking about things, considering love, justice, compassion, inclusion and humility might be of use. They at least put boundaries around what is important. That said, it doesn’t answer the Great Toilet Brush Dilemma of 2023, other than maybe affirming that the concerns I have are valid, which actually is a great help.

Within Methodist circles, one of the better known means of making decisions is to look at John Wesley’s three simple rules: 1. Do no harm, 2. Do all the good you can, 3. Stay in love with God.2 I have taught courses on Bishop Reuben Job’s short book on these rules, they’re quite lovely. However, my strongest memory of teaching it was the wise lay person who said, “These rules are great, but when I attempt to apply them to anything, I get no more clarity than when I started.” I had no counter. The rules are good, and sometimes they help, but sometimes they don’t.

The truth is that discernment is HARD WORK, and more of an art than a science. Most decisions are really complicated, and if they were simple they wouldn’t be the ones we were struggling with. There is very, very little in the world that is pure good or pure evil, and all decisions involve balancing various values while working with limited data. (Perhaps why the Tupper family motto is “We need more data!”)

I have two means of discernment that tend to work well for me, ones that help me get past the clutter of data and competing values. One I’ve mentioned a few times: the spiritual practice of daily examen. Truthfully, this is the BEST method I know for making big life decisions, and often small ones too. It combines spiritually and data in a way that brings me deep joy. The process is this: every day, take some time to ask for God’s help in reviewing the day and then ask two questions. One question should be along the lines of “what was the best part of my day?” or “where was I most connected to love today?” (I think those are two versions of the same question, you may not.) The second question should be along the lines of “what was the worst part of my day?” or “where was I most disconnected from love today?” After reviewing it all, thank God for the day as a whole – the good the bad and the stuff in the middle. Then, write down the answers. If you have a spiritual partner, it can be great to also share these answers every day. Over time, patterns will emerge in your answers. You will be able to see what is bringing life and what is draining life from you, and hopefully to adapt your life towards what brings life, and away from what drains life. When it comes to decisions about jobs, relationships, housing, or even faith communities, this sort of careful attention to where God’s life-giving energy emerges in you is amazing for guiding decision making.

The second method is one I learned from another church member. I would NOT recommend it for major life decisions, but it may in fact work for me when it comes to the Great Toilet Brush Dilemma of 2023. This one, like the last, involves trusting that God is with me, and that I thus have the wisdom I need to make the best possible decisions. In this case it involves trusting bodily wisdom. It goes like this: Sit on the edge of a stool or a hard chair. Set up two options in different places in front of you (say, to the right and to the left), close your eyes, and then notice if your body sways towards one or the other. That is, your subconscious will guide you to the decision you likely already made but hadn’t noticed yet, and the decision you already made is one that God helped you with.

Ok, there you have it: four methods to help with discernment, which is far fewer than I know, but maybe more than you needed. There is one last thing to say about this: we’re going to get things wrong, a lot. And that’s OK. God works with us where we are, and I think God works to multiply the good in the world, so whatever goodness we end up helping with ends up being far bigger than we might imagine. However, despite it all, I still have no clarity on toilet brushes. Alas. Amen

1Definition 2, accessed March 2, 2023.

2Particular phrasing adapted from Reuben Job. (He says 1 and 3 that way, but makes 2. “do good”).

Rev. Sara E. Baron
First United Methodist Church of Schenectady
603 State St. Schenectady, NY 12305
Pronouns: she/her/hers
http://fumcschenectady.org/
https://www.facebook.com/FUMCSchenectady

March 5, 2023

Sermons

“Figuring Out Priorities, Discernment as Prayer Practice” based on…

April 15, 2019February 15, 2020
by Sara Baron

This
Mary washing Jesus’s feet with her hair story is a variation on
stories found in the Synoptic Gospels. Just to clarify a few things
that you might have heard: this is the Mary of Mary and Martha, not
Mary of Magdala; there is no reason to believe that the woman in the
story was a prostitute; that said there were a few indiscretions
inherent in the story! To name them succinctly: women weren’t
supposed to be a part of formal dinner parties (then again Mary
wasn’t supposed to sit at Jesus’s feet as a disciple either), a
woman taking her hair down in public was scandalous, and feet aren’t
always really FEET in the Bible, even though I think they are here.

Other
than Jesus, all the characters in this story are unique to John’s
version. Given that, it is quite interesting that Judas is put in
the role he is. It works well as foreshadowing. It also works well
to explain a few things. When Judas is called a “thief” in the
story, the particular verb is the same one used in chapter 10 to
describe a thief who steals sheep. Thus, “The expression ‘not
because he cared about the poor’ echoes the description of the hired
hand’s lack of care for the sheep (10:13). The use of these words
suggests that the description of Judas is intended to point the
reader toward the proper context in which to place Judas’s actions.
When he betrays Jesus, he betrays the sheep.”¹
Thus when Mary takes care of Jesus, she takes care of the sheep too.
The shepherd and the sheep are interdependent.

John’s
version of this story sets up an interesting question: is it better
to use the super expensive (5 figure) perfume on Jesus or to sell it
and give the proceeds to the poor? The answer most theologians have
given is that it is good to be devoted to Jesus. The text sets us up
to think this way by saying that not even Judas meant the money for
the poor. However, I think it is a valid question!

I
think it is a REALLY valid question. After all, how do we decide
what to do with our resources? Most of us, most of the time, aren’t
in possession of perfume worth’s a year salary that was hand carried
from India to Bethany, but we do have our own resources to care
about. How do we decide what to give away, and what to use? How do
we decide what portions of our time to give away? When are are ready
to give something away – time, or money, resources or energy- how
do we know where to best put it?

I’m
not a great decider when it comes to such questions (or most others.)
I tend to think like a Tupper, “I need more data!” The answer
between “show devotion” and “care for the vulnerable” is
fuzzy for me plenty of the time.

And
I worry that when I don’t decide, when I just go about my day to day
life without thinking too hard, I’m even more likely to err than if I
consider a decision carefully and then choose “wrong.” Yet the
fear of being wrong often leads me to the status quo, and the status
quo isn’t particularly intentional.

Luckily
there is something called discernment. Apple dictionary does a great
job with the word “discernment.” The first definition is “the
ability to judge well” the second is “(in Christian contexts)
perception in the absence of judgement with a view to obtaining
spiritual direction and understanding.”²
So, in a very practical way discernment is deciding, but it has more
nuance: it is about making decisions spiritually. I suspect that
sounds fine and good to most of you – but also a bit meaningless.

I
have two practical offerings for you – two means of getting into
discernment. The first is a spiritual practice called “Daily
Examen.” I’ve mentioned it before, because I really like it.
Daily Examen is a simple practice, it is flexible, it is meaningful,
and it is HANDS DOWN the best way I know of for discernment of BIG
LIFE THINGS.

It
can be done individually, with a friend or partner, or in a group.
It goes like this. You do what you need to do to center yourself, be
that lighting a candle, turning on music, sitting comfortably, taking
deep breathes, or all of the above. Then, in language that works for
you, you ask the Divine to work with you in reviewing the past 24
hours. As you review the day, you seek out what the best part was
and what the worst part was. You may want to ask this differently:
when was I most connected to Love, when I was I least connected to
Love, when did I feel most whole, when did I feel least whole, etc.
The goal is to find a “high” and a “low” and THEN to thank
God for both, and for everything in-between.

Then,
if you are working with others, you share that information. In any
case, you write them down: the date, the best, and the worst. After
a while…. weeks, or months… you review what you’ve written and
you pay attention to patterns. Was the worst part of you day more
often than not related to your job? Then it is definitely time to
consider if that aspect of your job can change, OR if your job can
change, or if your attitude about your job needs to change. Was the
best part fo your day often the time you spent with your pet? Then
likely it would be great to find ways to maximize that. Or, perhaps,
was the best part of your day some ministry or group you only get to
do very once in a while – but every time it happens it was the
best? Then, perhaps that is something you want to give more
attention to.

See?
Pay attention to patterns, and USE them to discern ways to live a
life with even more good, more love, more wholeness. I want to note
that the staff I and I do this at staff meeting, although then we
review the whole week. I’m often SHOCKED that the answers I find
aren’t the ones I expect, and I think we all know each other a whole
lot more because we’ve heard where both joy and frustration live in
each other’s lives.

If
you want a resource to help you with this process, the book “Sleeping
with Bread” is particularly excellent.

The
second practical offering I have for you is from Nonviolent
Communication (insert gasps of shock here). As a whole, nonviolent
communication teaches us to listen and to speak in four parts:

With
clear objective observation

In
naming and claiming emotions. (ie. “I feel …”and never “You
make me feel…”

In
identifying and noticing the needs that are connected to the
feelings

In
making requests.

The
absolute key, as I see it, of Nonviolent Communication is in the link
between steps 2 and 3. That’s the part where we take feelings we are
feeling and examine them to figure out what needs are under them.
This process has proven to me that it can unravel even the most
complex experiences and responses for me. For example, I can think
of a time when I have felt annoyed. This is definitely something
worth considering, because it is MUCH more likely to give me
information about myself and what I’m needing than it is about what
I’d otherwise call the “source of my annoyance.” If I am
annoyed, it is because some need or needs of MINE aren’t being met.
Sometimes this is because my need for rest isn’t being met. Other
times it is my need for harmony, other times for order! In fact,
feeling annoyed has sometimes reflected a need for some
consideration. In this way of looking at things, feelings are gifts
given to us to help us navigate and understand the needs that
motivate them. They’re like flags marking something that needs our
attention. (Note: anger is super extra this, it marks a violation of
something we really value!)

Once
we are able to notice a feeling, it gives us a chance to consider
what needs are underneath it. Then, once we know the need, we have a
LOT of information about what is going on with us. Further, since
needs can be met in infinite ways, we have a lot of choices about how
to proceed. If what I’m needing is rest, I can go home and take a
nap… or I can go to the bathroom and take an extra long time
washing my hands…. or maybe just take a moment and say a few breath
prayers. If what I’m needing is consideration, then I have the
chance to consider what that can look like and if I’m willing to make
a request related to it.

All
of this means that feelings, which we have all the time, can be great
sources of wisdom about who we are, what we need, and that opens up
the door for some great discernment.

It
seems like a good moment to point out that in Nonviolent
Communication, needs are considered universal, and they’re not a bad
thing. They just ARE. The goal is to become aware of them when
they’re flaring up and then become aware of the MANY ways they can be
fulfilled, so that we start getting creative rather than trying to
force the same solutions over and over that don’t work.

Discernment
is very different from decision making. It is deeper. It is about
the why even more than the what. It can be reached through Daily
Examen, or Nonviolent communication considerations, or even just
through the quiet of contemplative prayer. I appreciate a difference
between petitionary prayer – asking God for stuff- and
contemplative prayer – being present with God. Personally, I enjoy
and find much more value in the latter. It also helps with
discernment.

I’ve
been told that when Quakers have an extra long agenda for a meeting,
they spend twice as long in silent prayer before it begins. There is
wisdom in that. Rushing to decisions can be as bad as avoiding them
all together. But discernment, deep consideration, gives us all a
way to make good, spiritual decisions.

It
turns out, of course, that pouring expensive perfume on Jesus’s feet
was a perfectly acceptable option. I maintain that selling it and
giving the money away would have been too. The key is probably in
the reasons underneath and around each decision, and figuring those
out takes discernment.

May
we practice it – regularly and well. Amen

1Gail
R. O’Day, “John” New Interpreter’s Bible page 702.

2Apple
Dictionary, “discernment” accessed 4/4/2019.

Rev. Sara E. Baron
First United Methodist Church of Schenectady
603 State St. Schenectady, NY 12305
Pronouns: she/her/hers
http://fumcschenectady.org/
 https://www.facebook.com/FUMCSchenectady

April 7, 2019